Most houseplants prefer to dry out slightly between waterings. Check the top 2-3cm of soil with your finger. If it feels dry, it's time to water. Water thoroughly until water drains from the bottom, then empty the saucer to prevent root rot. Overwatering is the leading cause of plant death, so when in doubt, wait a day or two.
Light is crucial for plant health. Low-light plants can survive in dim corners or north-facing windows. Medium-light plants need bright, indirect light from east or west windows. Bright-light plants require several hours of direct sunlight, typically from south-facing windows. Observe your plant's leaves - if they're pale or leggy, it may need more light.
Many tropical plants thrive in 40-60% humidity, which is higher than most New Zealand homes. Increase humidity by grouping plants together, placing them on pebble trays filled with water, using a humidifier, or misting regularly. Bathrooms and kitchens naturally have higher humidity levels.
Fertilise during the active growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble houseplant fertiliser. Follow package instructions and dilute to half strength for most plants. Reduce or stop feeding in autumn and winter when growth slows. Over-fertilising can burn roots and damage plants.
Choose pots with drainage holes to prevent waterlogging. Repot when roots fill the container or grow through drainage holes, typically every 1-2 years. Use fresh, well-draining potting mix appropriate for your plant type. Spring is the best time for repotting when plants are actively growing.
Yellow leaves often indicate overwatering or poor drainage. Brown, crispy edges suggest low humidity or underwatering. Dropping leaves can signal stress from changes in environment, overwatering, or insufficient light. Pests like spider mites, mealybugs, and scale can be treated with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
In spring and summer, plants are actively growing and need more water and fertiliser. In autumn and winter, reduce watering frequency and stop fertilising. Some plants may go dormant. Adjust care based on your plant's growth patterns and the changing light levels throughout the year.
Consider your plant's needs when choosing a location. Avoid placing plants near heating vents, air conditioners, or drafty windows. Keep them away from direct heat sources that can dry them out. Rotate plants regularly to ensure even growth, especially those near windows that receive directional light.